About us

Teams

Activity

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

}							

Intent

Intent intent = new Intent(Activity_starting_other_activity, ActivityToBeStarted.class);
startActivity(Intent intent);
startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode);
							

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent){
    if(resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
        finish(); //ends activity
    } else {
        // do something with the information retrieved
    }

}
							

Logger

debug (Log.d)

info (Log.i)

error (Log.e)

verbose (Log.v)

warn (Log.w)

Project Structure

Gradle

android {
    compileSdkVersion 21
    buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.workshops.helloworld"
        minSdkVersion 18
        targetSdkVersion 21
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    ...
    }
						

Android Manifest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.workshops.helloworld" >
    <uses-permission
    	 android:name="android.permission.SOME_PERMISSION" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:labelw="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>
					

Hello, world!

Internet of Things ...

... is a network of interconnected things ...

... embedded with electronics and sensors ...

... which enables them to achieve greater value and service ...

... by exchanging and analysing data.

Cisco - pioneer in Internet of Everything

Smart+Connected Cities

Rules

App's structure

Run Android Studio

Create new Android project

Create new Android project

Create new Android project

Create new Android project

Create ThermometerActivity

Create ThermometerActivity

Change!

Edit AndroidManifest.xml

// Don't type lines with "//" - these are comments!

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.eestec.hotandcold" >

    // Add the permissions on the top

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true" />

    // (...)

</manifest>
							

Edit AndroidManifest.xml

// MainActivity

// add only screenOrientation - the rest should already be here
<activity
    android:name=".MainActivity"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:screenOrientation="portrait" > 
    <intent-filter>
    	// the following lines make our Activity default - it starts when we start the app
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent-filter>
</activity>
        
    					

Edit AndroidManifest.xml

// Thermometer Activity

// add only configChanges and screenOrientation - the rest should already be here
<activity
    android:name=".ThermometerActivity"
    android:label="@string/title_activity_thermometer"
    android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize"
    android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
    android:screenOrientation="portrait" >
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
        android:value="com.eestec.hotandcold.MainActivity" />
</activity>
							

Change!

Enable Bluetooth

// Neccesary imports
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.Intent;
// (...) - leave the rest unchanged

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {	
	private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    private int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; // must be greater than 0
    public boolean bluetoothNotEnabled(){
        return !bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled();
    }
    public void askForBluetoothAccess(){
        Intent enableBluetoothIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
        startActivityForResult(enableBluetoothIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
    }
    // (...) - leave the rest unchanged
}
						

Enable Bluetooth

// MainActivity's onCreate method - it's already there
// we just change it a little bit

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // invokes parent's onCreate methon; common practice
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // binds xml layout with java class

    bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // add this...
    if(bluetoothNotEnabled()) askForBluetoothAccess();		// ... and this
}

    					

Create a button

Create a button

Create a button

Change!

Create a button

import android.widget.Button;
import android.content.Context;
// ...


public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
	// declare new Objects, that we'll use in a second
	private Button startButton;
	private Context context = this;
	
	//(...)

}

						

Create a button

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    //(...)
	startButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.start_button); // this is CASTING
	// findViewById returns unspecified ViewType, we have to CAST it on the one wanted 
    startButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    	// here we set new Object to listen to the onClick events
        @Override // here we OVERRIDE the existing method
        public void onClick(View v) {
            Intent thermometerIntent = new Intent(context, ThermometerActivity.class);
            startActivity(thermometerIntent);
        }
    });
}
						

Make & run

You should see an empty activity with a button, which will lead you to second empty activity.

Import Estimote SDK

Import Estimote SDK

Import Estimote SDK

Import Estimote SDK

Import Estimote SDK

Import Estimote SDK

Turn to Project view

Import Estimote SDK

Add it as a library to our project

Update manifest

In AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest>
	<application>
		(...)
		<service android:name="com.estimote.sdk.service.BeaconService"
            android:exported="false"/>
    </application>
</manifest>
						

Create empty Distance class

Import SDK's objects

package com.eestec.hotandcold;

import com.estimote.sdk.Beacon;
import com.estimote.sdk.BeaconManager;
import com.estimote.sdk.Region;
import com.estimote.sdk.Utils;

public class Distance {
	// empty for now
}
						

Change!

Distance class

public class Distance {

	// private means that variable cannot be accessed from other Objects
	// final means that the variable's value cannot be changed
    private final double MAX_BEACON_DISTANCE = 100;
    
    // volatile means that this value will be modified or accessed by different threads
    private volatile double distanceToClosestBeacon;

    // Constructor
    public Distance(){
        this.distanceToClosestBeacon = MAX_BEACON_DISTANCE;
    }
}
						

Method calculate()

// New imports, we'll need them in a minute
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.List;
// ...

public class Distance {
	// (...)
	public void calculate(BeaconManager beaconManager){
		// This method will be invoked from Thermometer Activity.
		// It'll basically measure the distance to the nearest beacon.
	}
}
						

Method calculate()

public void calculate(BeaconManager beaconManager){
	beaconManager.setRangingListener(new BeaconManager.RangingListener() {
		// we're inside a new RangingListener object
		// here, we can override default behavior on event of discovering beacon
	});
}
						

Method calculate()

public void calculate(BeaconManager beaconManager){
	beaconManager.setRangingListener(new BeaconManager.RangingListener() {
		@Override
        public void onBeaconsDiscovered(Region region, List<Beacon> beacons) {
        	// here, we can actually operate on Estimote API
        	// it takes two arguments:
        	// 	Region region - Region object, which defines which devices we listen to
        	// 	List<Beacon> beacons - list of found beacons
        	// we'll define the function's body on the next slide
        }
	});
}
						

Method calculate()

public void onBeaconsDiscovered(Region region, List<Beacon> beacons) {

    Integer major = 0;
    Integer minor = 0;
    distanceToClosestBeacon = MAX_BEACON_DISTANCE; // resetting closest beacon proximity
    for (Beacon rangedBeacon : beacons) {
        // Estimote provides us with function to compute distance
        // based on signal's strength
        Double distanceToThisBeacon = Utils.computeAccuracy(rangedBeacon); 
        if (distanceToThisBeacon <= distanceToClosestBeacon) {
            distanceToClosestBeacon = distanceToThisBeacon;
            major = rangedBeacon.getMajor(); // that's how we can get beacon's major ID
        	minor = rangedBeacon.getMinor(); // and that's how we can get it's minor ID
        }
    }
    Log.d("Closest beacon found: ", Double.toString(distanceToClosestBeacon) + " away");
    Log.d("Closest beacon found: ", "Its unique identifier ID is " + major.toString() + " " + minor.toString());
}
						

Change!

Update ThermometerActivity

Create new BeaconManager and new Region

// Moooooooaaarrr imports
import com.estimote.sdk.BeaconManager;
import com.estimote.sdk.Region;
import android.os.RemoteException;
// ...

public class ThermometerActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private BeaconManager beaconManager; // service responsible for scanning beacons
    private static final Region ALL_ESTIMOTE_BEACONS = new Region("regionId", null, null, null);
    	// we define listening to all beacons
    private volatile Distance distance; // instance of our Distance class
    
    // ...
}
						

Update ThermometerActivity

Create new instance of Distance object and invoke it in onCreate()

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
(...)
	beaconManager = new BeaconManager(this);
	distance = new Distance();
    distance.calculate(beaconManager);
}
						

Update ThermometerActivity

// in ThermometerActivity class

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    beaconManager.connect(new BeaconManager.ServiceReadyCallback() {
    	// we implement onServiceReady, because ServiceReadyCallback is an interface
        @Override
        public void onServiceReady() {
            try {
                beaconManager.startRanging(ALL_ESTIMOTE_BEACONS);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                Log.e("test", "Cannot start ranging", e);
            }
        }
    });
}
					

Update ThermometerActivity

// in ThermometerActivity class
@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    try {
        beaconManager.stopRanging(ALL_ESTIMOTE_BEACONS);
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        Log.e("test", "Cannot stop but it does not matter now", e);
    }
    beaconManager.disconnect();
}
						

Make and run

Get distance from Distance.java

public class Distance { 
	
	// ...

	// we define getter so we can get distance from other Objects
	public double getDistance(){
	        return distanceToClosestBeacon;
	    }
	}
}
						

Change!

Edit layout

In activity_thermometer.xml, add new TextView.

Edit layout

Change its ID.

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Declare TextView and distance to show.

import android.widget.TextView;

// ...

public class ThermometerActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

	private TextView distanceText; // here we'll set the text for display
	private volatile double currentDistance = 0; // here we'll store data from Distance class
	private Thread thread; // new thread will allow us to run asynchronously

	// ...
	}
}
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Keep reference to TextView.

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	// ...

	distanceText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.beacon_distance);
}
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Start a new Thread.

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	// ...

	thread = new Thread(){
		// here, we're inside the new Thread object
		@Override
	    public void run(){
	    	// for the Thread to work properly, we need to override its run() method
		}
	};

	thread.start(); // start it, when the activity is created
}
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Get distance

@Override
public void run(){
    while(???) {
        try {
            sleep(50);   

            // currentDistance = ???
            // QUEST FOR YOU:
            // How can we get distance from Distance Class?
            // How can we "average it"?

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace(); // log information about error;  common practice
        }
    }
}
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Get distance

@Override
public void run(){
    while(???) {
        try {
            sleep(50);   

            // Possible solution:
            currentDistance = 0.9*currentDistance + 0.1*distance.getDistance();

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Format text

// ...
try {
	// ...
	String text;

	// ANOTHER EXCITING QUEST :D
    // format the distance appropriately
    // e.g. when currentDistance = 1.2, set text to 1.2 meters
    // and when currentDistance = 0.8, set text to 80 centimeters
}
// ...
						

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Format text

// ...
try {
	// ...
	String text;

    // format the distance appropriately
    if (currentDistance >= 1.0){
        text = String.format("%.2f", currentDistance) + " m";
    } else {
        text = String.format("%.2f", 100*currentDistance) + " cm";
    }
}
// ...
						

Change!

Edit ThermometerActivity.java

Post it to update UI

// ...
try {
	//... 

    final String finalText = text; // String passed to another thread has to be final

    // we cannot change UI directly from another thread
    // we have to communicate with main thread by post() method
    distanceText.post(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            distanceText.setText(finalText); // here we change the TextView
        }
    });
}
// ...
						

But what about the while loop?

@Override
public void run(){
    while(???) { // wtf is this "???"
    	// we need a clever boolean, so our background Thread won't change UI forever
    }
}
						

public class ThermometerActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
	// ...
    private volatile boolean showProximity = true;

 	@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	(...)
	thread = new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run(){
                while(showProximity) {
                // ...
            }
        }
	}
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
    	// ...
    	showProximity = false;
    }
}
						

Make and run

It should work!

Thermometer layout

Thermometer layout

ProgressBar layout

<ProgressBar
	android:id="@+id/thermometer"
	android:layout_width="30dip" <!-- dip = density independent pixels -->
	android:layout_height="300dip"
	style="@style/Widget.ProgressBar.Vertical" <!-- undefined, yeah... in a minute :) -->
	android:indeterminate="false" <!-- that means, that our bar will be "finite" -->
	android:layout_alignParentTop="true" <!-- stick it to the top of Parent -->
	android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" <!-- center it -->
	android:layout_marginTop="62dp" <!-- give it some margin -->
/>
        				

Change!

Style our ProgressBar

<style name="Widget">
</style>

<style name="Widget.ProgressBar">
    <item name="android:indeterminateOnly">true</item>
    <item name="android:indeterminateBehavior">repeat</item>
    <item name="android:indeterminateDuration">3500</item>
    <item name="android:minWidth">48dip</item>
    <item name="android:maxWidth">48dip</item>
    <item name="android:minHeight">48dip</item>
    <item name="android:maxHeight">48dip</item>
</style>

						

Style our ProgressBar

<style name="Widget.ProgressBar.Vertical">
    <item name="android:indeterminateOnly">false</item>
    <item name="android:progressDrawable">@drawable/progress_bar_vertical</item> 
    	<!-- YES, WE KNOW IT'S UNDEFINED -->
    <item name="android:indeterminateDrawable">@android:drawable/progress_indeterminate_horizontal</item>
    <item name="android:minWidth">1dip</item>
    <item name="android:maxWidth">12dip</item>
</style>
						

Style the thermometer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
		// here we'll be creating two items
</layer-list>
						

Style the thermometer

<item android:id="@android:id/background">
        <shape>
            <corners android:radius="5dip" />
            <gradient
                android:startColor="#ff9d9e9d"
                android:centerColor="#ff5a5d5a"
                android:centerY="0.75"
                android:endColor="#ff747674"
                android:angle="180"
                />
        </shape>
</item>
						

Style the thermometer

<item android:id="@android:id/progress">
    <clip android:clipOrientation="vertical" android:gravity="bottom">
        <shape>
            <corners android:radius="5dip" />
            <gradient
                android:startColor="@color/cold"  <!-- undefined -->
                android:centerColor="@color/warm" <!-- undefined, too -->
                android:centerY="0.75"
                android:endColor="@color/hot" <!-- undefined, as well -->
                android:angle="90"
                />
        </shape>
    </clip>
</item>
						

Add some colours

<resources>

    <color name="cold">#ff0969A2</color>
    <color name="warm">#ffff4f00</color>
    <color name="hot">#ffff2300</color>

</resources>
						

import android.widget.ProgressBar;

// ...

private ProgressBar progress;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	// ...
	progress = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.thermometer);
	progress.setMax(100);
    
	// ...
}
						

// in Thread's run() method

@Override
public void run(){
	// ...
	double currentProgress; // this will control the bar's progress
	double progressStatus; // helper variable
}

						

// inside while & try

@Override
public void run(){
	// ...
    while(showProximity) {
		try {
			// ...
			progressStatus = progress.getMax() - distance.getDistance();
			currentProgress = progress.getProgress();
			currentProgress = Math.ceil(0.9 * currentProgress + 0.1 * progressStatus);
			progress.setProgress((int)currentProgress);
		}
}



						

Import image to MainActivity

Change!

Add title

Gradient color for &

// import Shader and LinearGradient

public void setGradientText(TextView amp){
    Shader textShader = new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, amp.getPaint().getTextSize(),
            new int[]{rgb(230, 92, 48), rgb(40, 140, 203)},
            new float[]{0, 1}, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
    amp.getPaint().setShader(textShader);
}

// invoke it in onCreate on our TextView
						

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	// ...

	TextView amp = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.title_amp);
    setGradientText(amp);
}
						

Add picture to main activity

Style the button

Style the button

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
	// here we'll create two items
</selector>
						

Style the button

// ...
<item android:state_pressed="true" >
    <shape>
        <gradient
            android:startColor="@color/button_cool"
            android:endColor="@color/button_cold"
            android:angle="270" />
        <stroke
            android:width="1dp"
            android:color="@color/button_cold" />
        <corners
            android:radius="3dp" />
        <padding
            android:left="10dp"
            android:top="10dp"
            android:right="10dp"
            android:bottom="10dp" />
    </shape>
</item>
// ...
						

Style the button

// ...
<item>
        <shape>
            <gradient
                android:startColor="@color/button_warm"
                android:endColor="@color/button_hot"
                android:angle="270" />
            <stroke
                android:width="1dp"
                android:color="@color/button_hot" />
            <corners
                android:radius="3dp" />
            <padding
                android:left="10dp"
                android:top="10dp"
                android:right="10dp"
                android:bottom="10dp" />
        </shape>
</item>
// ...
						

Add colors to colors.xml

// ...
<color name="button_hot">#FFE62025</color>
<color name="button_warm">#FFFECB68</color>
<color name="button_cool">#FF63A3D8</color>
<color name="button_cold">#FF0059A7</color>
						

Style the title's and button's text

Shutdown if user doesn't enable bluetooth

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent){
        if(requestCode != REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
        	super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
        }
        if(resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
            finish();
        } else {
            Context context = getApplicationContext();
            Toast.makeText(context,"Bluetooth successfuly enabled", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        }
    }
}
						

Change the app's icon

Now make your own app!

Sample ideas

Sample ideas

Useful links